Monte Carlo Trading Strategy Analysis: p5/p95 Confidence Bands
A backtest gives you one number: 84% profit, 14% max drawdown, Sharpe of 1.62. One equity curve. One drawdown figure. But the order in which your trades happened to occur was just one of thousands of possible sequences — and most of those alternate sequences would have produced a different equity curve, sometimes dramatically different. Monte Carlo simulation runs the trades through thousands of randomized variations and shows you the full distribution of outcomes: the worst 5%, the median, the best 5%. The single backtest becomes a confidence band, and the question shifts from "how did it do?" to "how robust is it?"